Linear Algebra with numpy

Numpy is a package for scientific computing in Python. It is blazing fast due to its implementation in C.

It is often used together with pandas, matplotlib and Jupyter notebooks. Often these packages are referred to as the datascience stack.

Table of Contents

Installation

You can install numpy via pip

pip install numpy

In the datascience world numpy is often imported like this:

import numpy as np

The “as” keyword defines a so called alias. Now you can use structures from numpy by referencing them with “np” instaed of the whole name.

Think “abbreviation”.

The most important data structure is ndarray, which is short for n-dimensional array.

You can convert a list to an numpy array with the array-method

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4] 
my_array = np.array(my_list)

You can also convert an array back to a list with

my_new_list = my_array.tolist()

You can retrieve the dimensionality of an array with the ndim property:

my_array.ndim

and get the number of data points with the shape property

my_array.shape

a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]) 
b = np.array([4, 3, 2, 1]) 
a + b 
array([5, 5, 5, 5]) 

a - b 
array([-3, -1, 1, 3])

a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]) 
a * 3 

array([3, 6, 9, 12])

To see why it is charming to use numpy’s array for this operation You have to consider the alternative:

c = [1,2,3,4] 
d = [x * 3 for x in c]

a = np.array([1,2,3,4]) 
b = np.array([4,3,2,1]) 
a.dot(b) 

20 # 1*3 + 2*3 + 3*2 + 4*1

Learn more about numpy: